bandeau ATST

Characterizing variabilities of Callisto's magnetospheric orbital environment with the Galileo and Juno missions
Thomas Le Liboux  1, 2@  , Nicolas André  1, 3  , Ronan Modolo  2  , Quentin Nénon  2  , Zhi-Yang Liu  1  , Jonas Rabia  4  , Alexis Seves  1  , Jamey Szalay  5  , Christopher Paranicas  6  , Mathias Rojo  7  , Aneesah Kamran  1  , François Leblanc  2  , Michel Blanc  1  , Philippe Louarn  1  , Emmanuel Penou  8  , Frederic Allegrini  9, 10  , Robert Ebert  9, 10  , George Clark  6  , Olivier Mousis  11  , John Connerney  12  , Scott Bolton  9  
1 : Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie
Institut National des Sciences de l'Univers, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Toulouse
2 : Laboratoire Atmosphères, Observations Spatiales
Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Institut National des Sciences de l'Univers, Sorbonne Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
3 : Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace
Université de Toulouse, ISAE-SUPAERO
4 : Swedish Institute of Space Physics [Kiruna]
5 : Princeton University
6 : Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory [Laurel, MD]
7 : Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie
Institut National des Sciences de l'Univers, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Toulouse
8 : Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie
Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie (IRAP)
9 : Southwest Research Institute [San Antonio]
10 : The University of Texas at San Antonio
11 : Southwest Research Institute [Boulder]
12 : NASA Goddard Space Flight Center

Callisto, the outermost Galilean moon, orbits within Jupiter's dynamic magnetosphere, traversing highly variable plasma and magnetic conditions. Despite its interest, Callisto remains the least understood Galilean satellite, with no dedicated flybys since the Galileo mission ended in 2001. To bridge this knowledge gap and accurately characterize the moon's interaction with Jupiter, this study focuses on describing the pristine electron [Le Liboux et al., 2025] and heavy ion [Le Liboux et al., submitted] environment and its variability by combining measurements taken by two particle detectors onboard Juno (JADE, JEDI) and one onboard Galileo (EPD). Juno's JADE and JEDI observations showcase a high electron and heavy ion intensity variability depending on magnetic position, varying by a factor of 4 to 60. Based on these observations, we provide empirical models of the energy spectra of electron and heavy ion intensity at various magnetic positions, along with electron density, and pressure. Galileo's EPD observations reveal a modulation of intensity variability according to local time, with increased variability on the dawnside. These results establish critical inputs for modeling and experimentation in preparation for the upcoming JUICE and Europa Clipper missions in the 2030s.


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